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Master Clinical Nephrology with Expert-Crafted Scenarios
Dive deep into real-world nephrology cases with interactive scenarios designed by leading experts. Perfect your clinical reasoning and diagnostic skills to excel in consultant exams like SCFHS.
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Scleroderma Renal Crisis: ACE Inhibitor First, Steroids Out
Scleroderma Renal Crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), classically presenting wi...
Hypokalaemia With Normal-Anion-Gap Acidosis: RTA vs Diarrhoea
Hypokalemia with metabolic acidosis is a challenging clinical scenario that requires a systematic approach to uncover th...
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AKI in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Hidden Methotrexate Toxicity and Bilateral Kidney Stones
A woman with rheumatoid arthritis on hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) is referred with AKI, creatinine 200 µmol/L. I start...
Lupus Nephritis: Planning Pregnancy and the Proteinuria Rise After MMF to Azathioprine
A woman with class III lupus nephritis in remission for 5 years (normal kidney function, proteinuria 400 mg/day) wants t...
Kidney Transplant Recipient Evaluation (Initial Work-up and Candidacy)
The aim of the evaluation is to decide, through a multidisciplinary team (transplant physician, transplant surgeon and a...
Weight Loss in CKD Stage 5 Before Dialysis: Work-up and Management
Weight loss in a CKD 5 patient who is not on dialysis is protein-energy wasting (PEW) until proven otherwise, but unexpl...
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PTLD)
PTLD is a spectrum of lymphoid proliferation, from reactive polyclonal lesions to frank lymphoma, caused by reduced T-ce...
Peritoneal Equilibration Test: Standard vs Modified PET
Always name the PET variant before describing a protocol or interpreting a number. Here, standard (classic) PET means a...
Early Kidney Transplant Complications and Management of Urine Leak
Early after kidney transplant, graft dysfunction or a perigraft collection is surgical until proven otherwise. The exami...
Suspected Transplant Rejection When No Biopsy Is Available
The gold standard for diagnosing rejection is a transplant biopsy with donor-specific antibody (DSA) testing; no non-inv...
PD Haemoperitoneum (Bloody Effluent)
Bloody PD effluent looks alarming but is rarely serious. The examiner wants a stepwise answer: confirm the patient is st...
Statins in Haemodialysis Patients: The Evidence (4D, AURORA, SHARP, KDIGO)
The examiner asks: do we use statins in haemodialysis patients, and what is the evidence? The one-line answer is do not...
Tunnelled Haemodialysis Catheter Infection and CRBSI
A tunnelled dialysis catheter (permicath) infection is one of three things: an exit-site infection (cellulitis within 1-...
Dialysis-Related Amyloidosis (Abeta2M)
Dialysis-related amyloidosis (Aβ2M) is amyloid derived from β2-microglobulin (11.8 kDa, the light chain of HLA...